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<h1>Robbing the poor</h1>





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Mr Abdi Adow, 59, who suffers from severe spinal injury, has not received his Sh2,000 monthly stipend for the last six months from the Government's cash transfer programme for people living with disabilities. By Paul Wafula of Standard Media<span style="cursor:pointer;color:#378ac4;font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-top:5px;"><a href="http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/?articleID=2000102507&story_title=poverty-fund-sh600m-paid-to-ghosts" target="_blank">Read More&raquo;</a></span></br/>





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<div class="accordion accordion-close" id="section1">More money for relief kitty, more problems for suffering Kenyans<span></span></div>


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<p><strong>By PAUL WAFULA </strong></p>


<p><strong>WAJIR, KENYA:</strong> For 20 years, Abdi Adow&rsquo;s life has been a painful routine. The resident of Wajir County suffers from paralysis as a result of a severe spinal injury. He cannot stand upright. He struggles to wake up every morning in an empty one-room house. The 54-year-old drags himself around his humble home doing basic chores. His life depends on a wheelchair, but he can only move the wheelchair on his own for short distances on flat terrain. Mr Adow pays people to do his laundry, to push his wheelchair to the toilet at night or have a 20-litre bucket of water delivered to his house. Thankfully, the weight he has shouldered for years was partly lifted by the Government in 2007, when it started giving people with severe disabilities, the elderly, the urban hungry, orphans and vulnerable children a Sh2,000 monthly stipend to help them buy food and meet primary healthcare needs. Adow considered himself lucky to have made it to the list of beneficiaries picked from over 7,000 cases in his county. But six years down the line, the Sh12.5 billion safety net programme, which has now been expanded to cover the entire country and received an additional Sh22.5 billion from the World Bank, is growing more unpredictable by the day over its increasing list of beneficiaries. It is also being choked by bureaucracy. A new raft of reforms meant to streamline the programme to make it more accessible and effective seems to have failed in easing bureaucracy and reaching the most needy. An analysis of the new distribution plan shows a programme that has ignored recommendations that the &ldquo;programme scale-up should be based on an analysis of the poverty levels and be informed by clear objectives and an expansion strategy&rdquo;. Official data from the Labour ministry shows that there are 236,700 beneficiaries currently in the programme. The Government plans to add 160,527 more in this year&rsquo;s expansion. Under the old system, transferring cash to beneficiaries was painfully slow. The new system has also inherited these bottlenecks as it scales up to cover all the 290 constituencies.</p>


<span style="cursor:pointer;color:#378ac4;font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-top:5px;" onclick='TINY.box.show({html:"<p>For instance, it took the National Social Protection Secretariat half the current financial year to decide how counties should share the new slots provided for in the current budget. Transferring money from the Government to the beneficiaries under the Jubilee administration also took six months. Initially, beneficiaries would line up at Postal Corporation of Kenya outlets every two months to receive the stipend. Beneficiaries would be paid Sh4,000 at once to cover the two months. But the system has broken down this financial year. When we visited his home early December, Adow had not received a single penny for six months. &ldquo;I have not been paid since Ramadan but in my state, who do I complain to? I cannot go to Nairobi to ask for the money; I only sit here and wait, hoping that soon, someone will release the funds,&rdquo; he said, tears welling in his eyes. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, when fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset. It was marked in July last year. Adow is not alone. A number of beneficiaries we visited in Marsabit and Wajir &ndash; recently ranked among Kenya&rsquo;s top five poorest counties &ndash; shared similar experiences. Mohammed Ibrahim Abdule, a caregiver of four orphans under the programme in Wajir, said it was difficult to provide for his family when payments are delayed. &ldquo;I have received the money for about four years now. The last time I received money was in July last year and I got Sh4,000,&rdquo; Mr Abdule said. Beneficiaries under the programme in Marsabit County are also crying foul over the unexplained delays. &ldquo;The delays are killing us. Nowadays we can wait for seven months only to end up being paid for two months. Sh2,000 is no longer enough &ndash; the cost of living has risen significantly since 2007 and it is only fair that the cash is increased to match,&rdquo; Dullochi Roba, a beneficiary in the older persons category from Helu Village in Moyale, Marsabit County, said. Mr Roba has been on the programme for five years. Whereas the cost of living has nearly doubled during the period, the monthly stipend has only been increased by a third, from Sh1,500, when it started, to Sh2,000. It cost Roba Sh53 to buy a 2kg packet of maize flour in 2007, today the same retails at Sh105.</p><p>&ldquo;If you depend on this money, you are forced to live in debt when it is delayed because people no longer help you as they think you are being taken care of by the State,&rdquo; Adow adds. Fifty-year-old Ahmed Mahmoud understands only too well the pain of missing out on the payroll. Polio-stricken Mahmoud has been applying unsuccessfully to be listed on the cash transfer programme. Rukia Ali, Wajir County Co-ordinator for Social Services, however, says that it is impossible for the programme to reach every needy case. &ldquo;Limited resources cannot allow us to reach everyone who qualifies to be on the programme. The vastness of the land, poor road infrastructure and the pastoralist nature of some of the communities here also makes reaching all the deserving cases a real challenge,&rdquo; she said.</p>",fixed:false,width:600,height:740,opacity:20,topsplit:3})'>Read More&raquo;</span>


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<div class="accordion accordion-close" id="section2">How greedy people shamelessly steal cash meant for poorest of the poor<span></span></div>


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         <p><strong>By PAUL WAFULA</strong></p>


<p><strong>WAJIR, KENYA: </strong>Unscrupulous caregivers, inclusion and exclusion errors are robbing Kenya&rsquo;s neediest population of money meant for them.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>


<p>An audit of the National Safety Net Programme, which has spent billions of shillings meant for poor households, has revealed that weak monitoring has subjected the vulnerable to untold suffering, as the money sent to them gets diverted midstream or is delayed so much that it fails to meet their needs on time.</p>


<p>The report, which supports an independent data analysis by this newspaper, reveals several loopholes through which people with severe disability and older persons &ldquo;are robbed of their money&rdquo;.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>


<p>&ldquo;In some cases, post office workers collude with caretakers to defraud the beneficiaries,&rdquo; the report, The Kenya National Safety Net Programme for Results, reads in part.</p>


<p>The report prepared by Mary Amuyunzu-Nyamongo of the African Institute for Health and Development notes that in Bondo, one person collected two payments using the same identification document.</p>


<p>This year, the programme will spend Sh12.5 billion. The Government also recently received an additional Sh22.5 billion from the World Bank to boost the programme. The money will cover a group of about 400,000 beneficiaries, drawn from a mix of orphans and vulnerable children, the elderly and people living with severe disability.</p>


<p>Beneficiaries are picked from poor people in urban areas, who are now recognised as being among the neediest in society. After selection, they receive a Sh2,000 monthly stipend paid after every two months.</p>


<span style="cursor:pointer;color:#378ac4;font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-top:5px;" onclick='TINY.box.show({html:"<p><p>They use the money mostly to buy food and clothes and to pay for healthcare when needed.</p><p>Some caretakers collect the cash from the post office without informing the beneficiaries; some of the people living with severe disabilities, orphans and vulnerable children may not even realise that the cash has been collected.</p><p>&ldquo;In addition, the district gender and social development officer reported that he had received several complaints from beneficiaries who went to the post office only to find that other people had collected their money,&rdquo; the report says.</p><p>The report also cites compensation demands by people who are nominated to collect funds on behalf of beneficiaries, among other loopholes.</p><p>A visit to parts of the country also revealed major conflict of interest, where some beneficiaries were also part of the team that decides who gets onto the programme.</p><p>For instance, in Wajir County, a beneficiary also doubled up as member of the committee and some children in his household receiving the Sh2,000 monthly stipend.</p><p>Though he said he did the job as a volunteer, the position exposes him to allegations of conflict of interest, given that he also wants more of his beneficiaries listed.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>Due to low literacy levels among some of the beneficiaries, the caretakers also lie to them about the value of the transfers and pocket the rest of the money.</p><p><strong>clear objectives</strong></p><p>An analysis of the distribution shows that it ignored recommendations of the report that the &ldquo;programme scale-up should be based on an analysis of the poverty levels and be informed by clear objectives and an expansion strategy&rdquo;.</p><p>The main objective of the National Safety Net Programme is to improve the welfare and resilience of beneficiaries, with the aim of reducing poverty and vulnerability in Kenya. There are currently five main cash transfer programmes operating in all parts of the country.</p><p>The report evaluates whether there is equitable access to the existing cash transfers and whether the programmes are meeting the needs of vulnerable and marginalised groups.</p><p>&ldquo;These issues were assessed by paying attention to how poor, vulnerable and marginalised groups are included in, and therefore benefit from, the five cash transfer programmes, specifically through the targeting of the transfers,&rdquo; the audit notes.</p><p>There are also a number of requirements that can cause eligible households to be excluded.</p><p>&ldquo;These include the requirement for applicants to have birth and death certificates and/or notifications, the absence of nomadic communities during registration, inadequate communication of information about the programmes, and stigma (especially regarding disability). The requirement for medical certification was identified as a key challenge for people with severe disability,&rdquo; it reads.</p><p>According to the audit, marginalised groups that have not been captured in these programmes due to limited coverage include the El molo, Ogiek, Ilchamus, Sanye and Aweer (originally known as Boni).</p><p>&ldquo;It should be noted that the visibility of these groups is often lost within larger communities or due to their residency in remote or marginalised areas.&rdquo;</p><p>It recommended that special attention be paid to marginalised groups that could be inadvertently left out of the programmes.</p><p>&ldquo;This could be achieved using affirmative action, for instance, by ensuring that they are represented on local committees, including the rights and beneficiary committees.&rdquo;</p><p><em>&ndash;pwafula@standardmedia.co.ke</em></p></p>",fixed:false,width:600,height:1250,opacity:20,topsplit:3})'>Read More&raquo;</span>


 


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<div class="accordion accordion-close" id="section3">Poverty Fund: Sh600m paid to 'ghosts'<span></span></div>


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	<p><strong>By PAUL WAFULA </strong></p>


<p><strong>Kenya:</strong> The Government&rsquo;s fund for the poor and vulnerable has lost about Sh600 million to ghost recipients in the last five years. The fund, which has been allocated Sh12.5 billion in the current financial year, has been losing Sh120 million annually meant for the poor, Labour Cabinet Secretary Kazungu Kambi has said. Mr Kambi said an ongoing audit started late last year on the national safety net fund has already flushed out 1,400 ghost beneficiaries from the disability component of the fund. &ldquo;We have already struck off 1,400 ghost recipients from the disability fund and the vetting is ongoing to cover the rest of the programmes, including orphans and vulnerable children,&rdquo; he said. Mr Kambi told The Standard yesterday that his ministry had established vetting committees that are interviewing recipients in the counties &ldquo;to ensure that only those who merit under the set criteria remain on the programme&rdquo;. This comes a day after</p>


<p>The Standard ran a data-driven investigative series on how inclusion and exclusion errors are robbing Kenya&rsquo;s neediest population money meant to alleviate their suffering. Started on a pilot basis in 2004 as a donor-funded initiative for orphans and vulnerable children, the programme was upgraded in 2007 when the Government took it over and expanded it to cover the elderly and people living with disabilities. Last year, the Jubilee administration doubled the number of beneficiaries from 226,839 to 444,096 households. The Sh12.5 billion is scheduled to be disbursed from this month, through the post office network, to support a scale-up to all the 290 constituencies. Also, the programme this year got a Sh21.5 billion ($ 250 million) boost from the World Bank to be distributed over the next four years. &ldquo;Disbursements will only be done directly to the National Treasury upon achievements of agreed targets,&rdquo; Kambi said. The fund, known as Cash Transfer Programme, gives a Sh2,000 monthly stipend to people living with severe disabilities, the elderly, orphans and vulnerable children to meet their food and healthcare needs. 


Kambi said to improve the administration of the programme and to seal loopholes that he blamed for the loss of cash, his ministry had established three levels of co-ordination and implementation to ensure effective cash transfers. He said he had appointed a ministerial social assistance steering committee at the national level and set up an administrative structure for co-ordination comprising the County Social Office and County Children&rsquo;s officers at the county level.</p>


   <span style="cursor:pointer;color:#378ac4;font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-top:5px;" onclick='TINY.box.show({html:"<p><strong>Validation exercises</strong></p><p>In addition, a 17-member committee to be presided over by the area MP will be formed at the constituency level. &ldquo;The role of this committee will be to ensure that the targeting of the beneficiaries is done in accordance with the eligibility criteria to ensure transparency and accountability. This is further enhanced through community validation exercises for all the potential beneficiaries,&rdquo; Mr Kambi said. The ministry invited the Parliamentary Committee on Labour and Social Welfare to Mombasa last November to discuss and agree on a way forward for the national roll out of the scaled up programme. Kambi explained that at the end of the deliberations, the ministry and the parliamentary committee resolved that the targeting and scale-up during this financial year be based on a 30:70 ratio where 30 per cent of the funds shall be shared equally to all 290 constituencies and 70 per cent shall be equitably distributed &mdash; to enable constituencies that had no beneficiaries, or fewer, be at par with the rest. With this method, all constituencies will end up getting almost the same number of beneficiaries this year. On the face of it, the new formula assumes that all the constituencies have uniform poverty levels, the same number of orphans, elderly and vulnerable children. However, available data disputes this. Different constituencies have varying degrees of poverty and different burdens of the food poor, elderly, orphans and vulnerable children. Collating of these numbers at county levels paints a clearer picture of how skewed this formula is after the most deserving counties &mdash; those with the largest burden of the poorest and most vulnerable populations &mdash; ended up being short-changed by the formula. The investigation by this paper revealed that most counties ranked in the 2013 national inequality report as having the highest population of its people living below the poverty line will reach the fewest deserving beneficiaries. The inequality report &lsquo;Exploring Kenya&rsquo;s Inequality: Pulling Apart or Pulling Together&rsquo; was conducted by the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) in conjunction with the Society for International Development (SID). According to the new distribution plan, a poor person in Lamu is eight times more likely to receive cash than the poor in Mandera. The data shows that 64 out of every 1,000 poor people will receive the Sh2,000 monthly stipend this year while in Mandera, just eight out of every 1,000 poor people will benefit. This is because according to the latest poverty data, Mandera County has almost three times the number of people living below the poverty line than Lamu, but does not receive proportional funding to meet these needs. In her recommendations to the World Bank, the Government and other stakeholders involved in the programme, Dr Mary Amuyunzu-Nyamongo of the African Institute for Health &amp; Development advised that poverty should inform how it is scaled up.<br />&ldquo;The programme scale-up should be based on an analysis of the poverty levels and be informed by clear objectives and an expansion strategy,&rdquo; Dr Amuyunzu-Nyamongo notes in her audit report on the programme, The Kenya National Safety Net Programme for Results.<br /><br /><br /></p>",fixed:false,width:600,height:800,opacity:20,topsplit:3})'>Read More&raquo;</span>





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<div class="accordion accordion-close" id="section4">MPs change rules on sharing kitty for poor<span></span></div>


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	<p><strong>By PAUL WAFULA </strong></p>


<p><strong>Kenya:</strong> Legislators have changed the distribution formula for allocating Sh12.3 billion to the poor in what may see the most deserving cases miss out. The distribution formula preferred by MPs ignores an earlier model that relied on indicators of poverty as released by the government in two of its major reports. It means that the poorest counties will still have the poorest people, while the wealthier ones race further ahead, worsening inequality in Kenya. Seeking to score political points with their constituents, politicians demanded the funds be allocated equally across board, departing from a nuanced criteria designed to meet the most extreme needs in the nation, which had been used during the pilot phase of the initiative. On the face of it, the new formula assumes that all the constituencies have uniform poverty levels, the same number of orphans, elderly and vulnerable children. However, available data disputes this. Different constituencies have varying degrees of poverty and different burdens of the food poor, elderly, orphans and vulnerable children. Collating of these numbers at county levels paints a clearer picture of how skewed this formula is after the most deserving counties &mdash; those with the largest burden of the poorest and most vulnerable populations &mdash; ended up being short-changed by the formula. Monthly stipend Kenya has had a fund meant for the poor and vulnerable population since 2007 in which beneficiaries get a Sh2,000 monthly stipend to cover food and medical needs. Until this year, the safety net cash transfer programme has been on a pilot phase, but with an additional Sh22 billion this year from the Word Bank, it will be scaled up to cover all the 290 constituencies. It targets the elderly, people living with disabilities, the food poor, orphans and vulnerable children. In a sharing plan seen by The Standard, politicians have struck a deal with the national secretariat implementing the programme to distribute available slots using a formula that will have constituencies, also known as sub-counties, to have almost equal numbers of beneficiaries without considering poverty levels and other indicators such as population, HIV prevalence, and distribution of orphans and people living with disabilities, to determine who deserves more or less. The breakdown shows that about 400,000 households will benefit from the fund this financial year. Lamu County&rsquo;s poor have emerged the biggest winners while Mandera became the biggest loser. This is because Lamu is set to have 6.4 per cent of its poor and vulnerable population on the programme this year, compared to Mandera&rsquo;s 0.8 per cent. The sharing plan from the Labour ministry shows that Sh8 billion will go to 253,310 orphans across the 290 constituencies, Sh3 billion will be disbursed to the elderly while people living with severe disabilities and the poor people in urban areas will take Sh770 million and Sh580 million respectively.</p>


   <span style="cursor:pointer;color:#378ac4;font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-top:5px;" onclick='TINY.box.show({html:"<p>The programme will use 15 per cent of the whole kitty, which translates to Sh1.8 billion, on operations. Beneficiaries receive Sh4,000 after every two months through the countrywide outlets of the Postal Corporation of Kenya. But this breakdown is yet to factor in the Sh22 billion ($250 million) concessional loan from the World Bank meant for cash transfers to poor households. If this is brought on board, the number of beneficiaries is expected to double to 800,000. The loan was tied to a condition that the Treasury releases its portion of Sh13.5 billion to the Ministry of Labour. Already the government has cut its allocation to Sh12.5 billion. Although Lamu County will have a total of 2,338 vulnerable households on the Sh2,000 monthly stipend, a breakdown of the numbers in relation to the population of the poor has seen the coastal county beat Nairobi and the rest of the country. According to Ms Winnie Mwasiaji, the national co-ordinator for the Social Protection Secretariat, when MPs pushed to amend the distribution formula, it was proposed that the 290 constituencies share 30 per cent of all the available slots equally. The remaining 70 per cent would then be used for equalisation, where those with the least were to get more to bring them at par with the rest. But this did not satisfy the MPs. The formula was further amended to 40:60, increasing what all counties will get by 10 per cent and reducing the equalisation kitty by a similar margin. The result of this is that a constituency like Nyeri town, which has 471 orphans on the program will receive an extra 103 that all the 290 constituencies will get this year. It will then receive equalisation slots for 205 more beneficiaries to bring the number to 779. Similarly, Tetu constituency which has 487 children on the program already will also get slots for 103 orphans and an additional 189 from the equalisation slot to bring this number to 779, at par with its neighbouring Nyeri town constituency. From June to December last year, no money had been released to the beneficiaries identified in the 2012-2013 financial year. Said Ms Mwasiaji: &ldquo;Parliament wanted us to share the slots equally across board. The delay was mainly because Parliament wanted to see the list of beneficiaries before they approve. But now we have agreed and we hope to roll it out in January.&rdquo; &ldquo;In the new formula that the MPs agreed to, 40 per cent of the slots will be distributed equally and 60 per cent will be for equalisation where the sub counties that have fewer eligible persons will be brought at par or as close as possible with the rest,&rdquo; she said. The same formula will be used to calculate how many people living with disabilities will be recruited in each constituency.</p><p><strong>Choked by bureaucracy</strong></p><p>Labour Cabinet Secretary Kazungu Kambi said the government is now ready to roll out the entire programme, which is being choked by bureaucracy and slow disbursement to the rest of the country. &ldquo;We have been accused of not spending the money but now we are ready. We are also looking at suggestions that we use mobile money transfer services as a means to pay the beneficiaries but this will wait until the necessary structures are put in place,&rdquo; Mr Kambi said. To qualify, households must have a person with severe disability, elderly, hungry, orphans or vulnerable children. Other eligibility conditions for one to be enlisted on the programme are that the households must be poor, the beneficiary household must not be enrolled in any other cash transfer programme, a member of the household must not be receiving any pension and regular income and no member of the household should be in any gainful employment. &ldquo;We are also planning a fresh vetting exercise to ensure that we retain on our register only the most deserving cases,&rdquo; Mr Kambi said. Orphans and vulnerable children will take the biggest chunk of the money. About 253,310 are set to benefit this year, and this translates to 64 per cent of the total beneficiaries. The elderly, who account for 23 per cent of the beneficiaries, will be the second biggest group of beneficiaries, with a total of 93,147 households listed. People with severe disability and the urban poor take the remaining portion of the pie. The distribution has been broken down by constituencies. Some of the 290 constituencies who did not have any beneficiary will in coming weeks recruit beneficiaries of the cash transfer programmes for orphans and vulnerable children, persons with severe disabilities and older persons of 65 years and above. Those constituencies with less have also been given extra slots to bring them at par with the rest. On its part, the urban food subsidy programme that was being implemented on a pilot basis in Mombasa in four constituencies &ndash; Mvita, Changamwe, Likoni and Kisauni covering 10,000 households &ndash; will be scaled up to cover Nairobi and Kisumu towns. According to the government plan, 4,000 urban poor in Nairobi will be recruited this year, and another 4,000 will be enlisted in Kisumu.</p><p><strong> pwafula@standardmedia.co.ke</strong></p>",fixed:false,width:600,height:1250,opacity:20,topsplit:3})'>Read More&raquo;</span>


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            defaultOpen: 'section1',


            cookieName: 'accordion_nav',


            speed: 'slow',


            animateOpen: function (elem, opts) { //replace the standard slideUp with custom function


                elem.next().stop(true, true).slideFadeToggle(opts.speed);


            },


            animateClose: function (elem, opts) { //replace the standard slideDown with custom function


                elem.next().stop(true, true).slideFadeToggle(opts.speed);


            }


        });





    });


</script>











 <!--end main_div-->


 </div>


</body>


</html>